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AVR Tutorial - Input / Output

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Overview You cannot imagine to use microcontroller without using any of its i/o pins. Finally its all about : taking input , processing it and generating output ! Thus i/o registers and their correct settings is indispensable part while learning to program any uC. We will learn how to use AVR ports and actually ‘code’ for writing/reading data to/from port pins. It is slightly confusing for beginners, however once you understand it, you will certainly appreciate the way it is designed. NOTE : I will frequently refer to ‘configuring pin’ or simply ‘pin’. Remember, a port has multiple pins. Thus in order to change setting for one port, you have to change setting for all port pins of that port. To change setting for one single pin of the port, you have to change a particular bit in associated register. Got that ? If not read this para again. Registers AVR is 8 bit microcontroller. All its ports are 8 bit wide. Every port has 3 registers associated with it each one with 8 bits...
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AVR ADC Analog to Digital Converter

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What is an ADC? An ADC, or Analog to Digital Converter, allows one to convert an analog voltage to a digital value that can be used by a microcontroller. There are many sources of analog signals that one might like to measure. There are analog sensors available that measure temperature, light intensity, distance, position, and force, just to name a few. Introduction The AVR ADC The AVR ADC allows the AVR microcontroller to convert analog voltages to digital values with few to no external parts. The author wrote this tutorial with the ATMega128 in mind, though other AVRs use similar hardware. The ADC built into the ATMega128 is capable of 10 bit resolution. The ATMega128 microcontroller has 8 ADC channels, allowing up to 8 analog sources to be attached to the microcontroller. The 8 ADC channels are connected to the internal DAC through a device called a multiplexer. The multiplexer connects the 8 ADC channels (the 8 pins of Port F on the ATMega128) to the internal ADC. One channel...
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EJB - Intro to Session beans

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What is a Session bean A session bean is the enterprise bean that directly interact with the user and contains the business logic of the enterprise application . A session bean represents a single client accessing the enterprise application deployed on the server by invoking its method. An application may contain multiple sessions depending upon the number of users accessing to the application. A session bean makes an interactive session only for a single client and shields that client from complexities just by executing the business task on server side. For example, whenever a client wants to perform any of these actions such as making a reservation or validating a credit card, a session bean should be used. The session bean decides what data is to be modified. Typically, the session bean uses an entity bean to access or modify data. They implement business logic, business rules, algorithms, and work flows. Session beans are relatively short-lived components. The EJB container may...
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